An organological study and reconstruction of the Azerbaijani Ergan based on Abd al-Qadir al-Maraghi's descriptions

Enver Sadikov

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Enver Sadikov Yazar

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Azerbaycan Erganı- organoloji- Abdülkadir Marağalı- rekonstrüksiyon- morfoloji- Azerbaycan müzik tarihi

Öz

Bu araştırmada, Azerbaycan Erganı'nın tarihsel gelişimi, etimolojisi, klasik Azerbaycan edebiyatındaki yeri ve morfolojik özellikleri, Abdülkadir Marağalı'nın tasvirleri doğrultusunda organolojik açıdan incelenmiş ve yeniden yapılandırılmasına yönelik ilk uygulamalı çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada doküman incelemesi yöntemi kullanılmış; Abdülkadir Marağalı'nın müzik risaleleri, Abbasgulu Necefzade, Saadet Abdullayeva ve Efrasiyab Bedelbeyli'nin çalışmaları ile klasik Azerbaycan şiiri ve uluslararası organoloji literatürü birlikte değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, Azerbaycan Erganı'nın körüklü hava sistemi, farklı uzunluklardaki boruları ve düğmeli ses kontrol mekanizmasına sahip klavyeli bir aerofon olduğunu; klasik edebî kaynakların ise çalgının Orta Çağ Azerbaycan müzik kültüründeki yaygınlığını ve kültürel önemini desteklediğini göstermektedir. Araştırmada ayrıca Azerbaycan Erganı'nın morfolojik özellikleri tarihsel veriler ışığında yeniden yorumlanmış, Abbasgulu Necefzade'nin hazırlattığı teknik taslak esas alınarak Azerbaycan Milli Konservatuvarında görev yapan nefesli çalgılar ustası Teymur Hüseynov ile makalenin yazarı Enver Sadıkov iş birliğinde çalgının ilk fiziksel prototipi geliştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak çalışma, Azerbaycan Erganı'nın tarihsel ve organolojik özelliklerini bilimsel veriler doğrultusunda ortaya koymakla kalmamış, aynı zamanda unutulmuş bir çalgının yeniden canlandırılmasına yönelik ilk uygulamalı rekonstrüksiyon modelini sunarak Azerbaycan müzik tarihi ve organoloji literatürüne özgün katkılar sağlamıştır.

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Enver Sadikov

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Enver Sadikov (born April 30, 1966, Baku, Azerbaijan SSR) is an Azerbaijani musician and garmon performer. He was awarded the title of People's Artist of the Republic of Azerbaijan in 2014 and serves as the Artistic Director of the Qaytağı Instrumental Ensemble. A distinguished master musician, Sadikov performs in a wide range of musical genres, including Azerbaijani folk music, mugham, classical music, and jazz, successfully creating a unique synthesis and artistic bridge between these traditions. Sadikov began his professional stage career in 1990 at the Rashid Behbudov State Song Theatre. From 1994 to 2006, he worked as a musician and arranger in the ensemble of the People's Artist Brilliant Dadashova. In 2000, he founded the Qaytağı Instrumental Ensemble, of which he remains the artistic director. Since 2012, the ensemble, featuring Honored Artist Abbas Baghirov as its soloist, has been affiliated with Azerbaijan State Television and Radio. Throughout his career, Sadikov has performed in numerous countries, including Norway, the United Kingdom, Russia, the United States, Israel, Cyprus, France, Austria, Italy, Germany, Belgium, Türkiye, Ukraine, Morocco, Georgia, and China. He has also represented Azerbaijani music at numerous cultural events and concerts organized by the Heydar Aliyev Foundation, UNESCO, and ICESCO. Among his notable international engagements are the Azerbaijan-Norway project Landet vi kommer fra with Norway's Skruk Choir (1996-1997); concerts at the Rossiya Concert Hall in Moscow (1998), Washington, D.C. (1999), and New York (2000); performances at UNESCO Headquarters in Paris dedicated to the 100th anniversary of Academician Yusif Mammadaliyev (2005), the concert At the Crossroads of Cultures and Civilizations (2006), the centenary of Mir Jalal Pashayev (2008), and the Young Talents of Azerbaijan concert (2011). Other significant appearances include the Nar Festival in Vienna (2011), a series of concerts celebrating the 20th anniversary of the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan across France, Italy, Germany, Türkiye, and other countries (2011), the opening of the Azerbaijan Cultural Center in Vienna (2013), a solo concert at the Azerbaijan Village organized by the Heydar Aliyev Foundation in Paris (2014), promotional concerts abroad dedicated to the First European Games held in Azerbaijan (2015), a jazz concert in Cannes (2015), the Athens Technopolis Jazz Festival (2017), a solo concert at the Grand Pera Emek Stage in Istanbul (2018), a concert in Riga (2018), and the Azerbaijan-China Friendship Concert at the National Centre for the Performing Arts in Beijing (2018), in addition to numerous other international projects and performances. In recognition of his artistic achievements, Sadikov received the Zirve Award of the Azerbaijan Democratic Student Youth Organization in 2001 and the Humay Award of the Bakılı International Cultural Society in 2006. Since 1999, he has released several albums, including Take Five, Selections 2000-2010, Selections 2010-2015, and Impressions. His music videos, including Take Five, Tango, Güllərim, Libertango, and Waltz, were released between 1997 and 2008. Throughout his artistic career, he has developed a distinctive performance style and established his own musical language in Azerbaijani garmon performance. To further his education, Sadikov enrolled in the Faculty of Music at Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University in 2006. After graduating, he continued his studies at the Faculty of Folk Musical Instruments of the Azerbaijan National Conservatory between 2015 and 2017, where he earned his master's degree. Since 2017, he has served as a faculty member at the Conservatory, and since 2019 he has been a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Instrumental Mugham, teaching the specialization course in Azerbaijani Garmon and Mugham. Beginning in 2001, Sadikov pursued his long-held ambition of developing a new Azerbaijani garmon by conducting extensive experimental work. In 2007, he successfully created the three-octave ReneveR garmon featuring a new register system. The instrument was officially recognized by the Copyright Agency of the Republic of Azerbaijan in 2013 and was subsequently registered and patented as an invention by the Intellectual Property Agency of the Republic of Azerbaijan in 2018. Owing to its expanded tonal range and additional register, this innovative instrument has introduced new performance possibilities for Azerbaijani garmon players and has gained widespread popularity among younger performers. Among Sadikov's most acclaimed performances was his two-day solo concert entitled Impressions, held at the International Mugham Center in Baku in 2016. In 2017, he presented the same concert program at the Heydar Aliyev Congress Center in Gabala. He also participated in the centenary concert of the eminent Azerbaijani composer Tofig Guliyev at the Heydar Aliyev Center in 2017 and performed at the 10th Gabala International Music Festival in 2018. Together with the Qaytağı Instrumental Ensemble, Sadikov continues to perform regularly both throughout Azerbaijan and internationally, participating in cultural events, artistic evenings, and concert programs, including anniversary concerts of Azerbaijan State Television and Radio as well as tribute concerts dedicated to prominent Azerbaijani composers such as Arif Melikov, Tofig Guliyev, Rauf Hajiyev, Ramiz Mirişli, Emin Sabitoglu, Elza Ibrahimova, and Mobil Babayev. Sadikov's artistic achievements have been highly recognized by the Republic of Azerbaijan. In 2007, he was awarded the honorary title of Honored Artist of the Republic of Azerbaijan, and in 2014 he received the country's highest artistic distinction, the title of People's Artist of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

Abdülkadir Marağalı'nın tasvirleri ışığında Azerbaycan Erğanı’nın organolojik incelemesi ve yeniden yapılandırılması

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