Repair of the tar musical instrument: points to consider and functions of tar parts

Abstract

This article comprehensively examines the structure, components, material properties, and maintenance-repair methods of the tar, one of Azerbaijan’s most important national musical instruments. The tar consists of a large and a small bowl carved from mulberry wood, a neck and head made of walnut wood, and fret and bridge systems reinforced with durable materials such as ebonite and capron. The cow heart membrane (skin) used on the bowl’s surface plays a critical role in sound production. The simgir, a hook system, is designed to secure the strings and contains 11 tongues. The article details the impact of the bridge (xərək) structure and material choice on string vibration quality, the advantages of making the plectrum from ebonite, and the contribution of tying the frets with capron thread to playing comfort. It also describes the adjustment of the angle between the neck and the body, methods for correcting neck bends, techniques for attaching strings to the pegs, and the bird bridge system that ensures proper string passage. Protection methods to extend the life of the membrane, such as fish-skin patches, soft leather coverings, and the use of çiriş or RVA adhesives, are also discussed. In conclusion, each component of the tar is of great importance in terms of dimensional ratios, material selection, and assembly technique. Skilled craftsmanship and regular maintenance are essential for preserving sound quality and ensuring the instrument’s longevity. This technical knowledge serves as an invaluable resource for preserving the traditional art of tar-making and passing it on to future generations.