Examining of the instrument that ancient people called dumbul and later called

Abstract

The presented article discusses the drum, one of the most widely used musical instruments in Azerbaijan. It is known from the science of organology that musical instruments are divided into 4 groups according to their sounding style: idiophones (self-sounding), aerophones (breath), membranophones (skin), and chordophones (stringed). The article notes that such a classification was first developed and systematized on a scientific basis in the early 20th century by German and American musicologist of Jewish origin, ethnographer, and balletologist Kurt Sachs (1881–1959) and German scientist Erich Mortich von Horn-bostel (1877–1935). The classification of E. Hornbostel and K. Sachs has been unequivocally accepted by world organologists. The presented scientific article notes that about 30 musical instruments belonging to the membranophone group were used in Azerbaijan at various times. These instruments are divided into 2 parts according to their structure: single-faced and double-faced. The article emphasizes that Azerbaijani percussion instruments (membranophones) are played in 3 ways according to their playing style: with a stick, by hand, and sometimes in a mixed way (both by hand and stick). While preparing the article, the territory of Southern-Northern Azerbaijan is studied in a unified way, otherwise the research conducted will seem incomplete and incomplete. Thus, the article uses numerous material evidences and scientifically confirmed facts related to the cultural life of Azerbaijan in both areas - historical, archaeological, ethnographic, literary and linguistic sources. The drum we are talking about is also referred to as a membranophone group. The name naghara, which was called dumbul in ancient times, has entered our language like many other words after the propagation of Islam and the Arabic language in our country. More precisely, naghara is a distorted pronunciation of the Arabic word naghara in our language. The article traces the history of the instrument's creation in archaeological sources, explains its vocabulary, and pays attention to examples of the drum in literary sources. Then, the structure of the instrument, its other types, rules of use, teaching, etc. are examined. Finally, the names of famous drum performers are listed at the end.